Course Description

 

The intent of this Course is to provide  the  participants  with a comprehensive overview of the many and varied activities that are involved in developing and maintaining a pipeline infrastructure to transport hydrocarbons in a  cost effective manner. The lecture material will be presented in a logical sequence of several blocks covering elements of design, hydraulics, mechanical and geotechnical design, construction and operation and maintenance.

 

While the subject matter  is  wide  ranging, the learning objectives will be to provide a sound understanding of the underlying engineering principles in each area and, illustrate how they are linked to produce a total  life cycle approach to system design and operation. Hence most of the major engineering disciplines will be touched upon during the course. The topics to be covered are listed below.

 

Course Objective

 

 

·         Elements of Pipeline Design and Operation

 

·         Pipeline Design

 

·         Route Selection, Surveying and Geotechnical Guidelines

 

·         Environmental Considerations

 

·         Mechanical Design

 

·         Material Selection and Quality Control

 

·         Pipeline Construction and Commissioning

 

·         Pipeline Protection

 

 

Who Should  attend?

 

The course is intended for engineers, maintenance technicians and inspectors responsible for the design, integrity, maintenance andr epair of pipelines and piping systems.

Course Outline

 

Elements of Design

• Function and types of Pipeline Systems for Liquid/Gas/Multi-phase flows;

  Gathering, Transmission, and Distribution systems.

• Supply and Demand considerations, Design life, Capacity planning for Transmission and   Distribution Systems, System Planning and facility build up. Project Economics and    Planning. Route Selection, Legal and Land Survey, Environmental Considerations.

 

 

Hydraulics

      • Compressible and Incompressible Flows in Pipes. Phase envelopes, Flow regimes,  dense   phase flow, Friction and fitting losses, General Flow Equation, common  steady state gas flow equations.

      • Pipeline packing; Heat transfer to surroundings; Pressure Drop calculations for single and looped lines.

      • Types of compressors, Thermodynamics of polytropic compression, gas cooling, Centrifugal compressor performance curves.

      • Hydraulic gradient, Types of pump, Fan laws, NPSH, Cavitation. Entry and exit losses

      • Internal coating, drag reduction additives, cost comparisons.

 

Mechanical/Geotechnical Design

      • Material Selection, HDPE, Aluminum, low carbon steels. Sour Service considerations,  low temperature toughness requirements, fracture resistance calculations, weldability.

      • High Strength steels, significance of Y/T, post yield behaviour, constructability considerations. Weld strength over/under matching.

      • Pipe manufacturing techniques, Seamless, ERW, Spiral, UOE. Common material testing

      • Codes and Standards

   Pressure, thermal and combined loads, Pipe design methods (1) Working stress design, (2) Strain Based design, (3) Limit States Design.

• Above and below ground design considerations, Pig launchers and receivers

  Buoyancy calculations, Wheel loads, Road and rail crossings. Casing design, pull through loads for directional drilling.

• Slope stability, surface drainage and ground movement monitoring.

• External coatings selection. Catholic Protection and design of ground beds.

 

Construction

      • The construction sequence for large pipe, clearing grading, trenching, stringing, welding etc; and for smaller  pipe  ploughing, joining techniques for HDPE and Aluminum pipe reels, explosive joining etc; Right of way calculations, salvage.

      • Automatic welding techniques single and dual tandem,

      • Ultrasonic and radiographic inspection, records keeping.  As built drawings and Alignment sheets. Hydrostatic testing, purging and commissioning of equipment. Ground bed Installation.

 

Operating and Maintenance

      • SCADA systems function and purpose in Pipeline Operation. Metering and Custody transfer. Nominations process. Scheduling and  batching  multi  product systems.

      • Planned Maintenance Strategies, Reliability Centred Maintenance, Supply Chain management,  Life cycle calculations including abandonment.

      • High Consequence areas, Risk based Inspection. In Line Inspection Methods (Advantages and limitations). Direct assessment methods including hydrotesting.

Pipeline pigging. Repair methods.